《现代汉语》Ⅱ练习（一）

[语法概说和语法分析方法]

年级        专业             班级        姓名          学号                          

一、名词解释

　　　1.语    法：                                                    

                                                                

                                                                

　　　2.语法的递归：                                                  

                                                                

                                                                

　　　3.语法单位：                                                    

                                                                

                                                                

　　　4.直接成分：                                                    

                                                                

                                                                

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　　　5.表里验证：                                                    

                                                                

                                                                

　　　6.语值辨察：                                                    

                                                                

                                                                

　　　 

二、简述题

　　1. 举例说明语法的一般特征。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

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　　　2.试将现代汉语和现代英语进行比较分析，举例说明现代汉语语法的特点。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

　　3. 什么是描写语法学？举例说明美国描写语法学的主要语法分析方法。

                                                                

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三、论述题

　　　1.请分别用句子成分分析法和直接成分分析法分析下列句子，并比较这两种方法的优缺点。

　　    这张照片放大了一点儿。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

　　　2.下列四组句子中的动词有什么区别？试分析这些动词在语义特征上的差别，并归纳出相应的动词句型。

　　[A]他死了三天了。/新中国成立五十多年了。/我的存折丢了两天了。

　　[B]他等了三天了。/她哭了大半天了。/她病了半年多了。

　　[C]书看了三天了。/这个工作我干了十多年了。/这个项目他们研究了五年了。

　　[D]那个灯笼挂了三天了。/这朵花她戴了一天多了。/这条领带他系了大半天了。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

　　　3.什么是语法现象的动态分析？请对下列句子进行表里验证，概括出这类语法现象的结构特点，并分析其语用价值。

　　(1)赵多多今天大宴宾客，书记、主任地请来了好些个头面人物。

　　(2)成年累月上海、广州、深圳地跑，没有甜头他会干？

　　(3)谁不知道你有能耐？何必天天军长、政委地挂在嘴上？

　　(4)那会儿小天女满院子地跑，“叔叔”、“叔叔”地叫个不停…… 

　　(5)他天天烧鸡烤鸭地吃，哪象你！

　　(6)我天天白菜萝卜地吃，哪象你！

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

　　　4.什么是歧义句？利用下列语言材料进行歧义分解，并概括出现代汉语歧义句的类型。

①我想起来了。                       ②我在屋顶上发现了他。

③开刀的是他的父亲。                 ④他原来住在这里！

⑤贸易部已向华北东北调拨物资。       ⑥白吃了一顿饭。

⑦进口机电产品。                     ⑧我们三个一组。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

    5.根据下面的语言材料，并补充一些例句，进行纵横比较，分析现代汉语中“们”的性质及其语法特点。

①我们跟他也没话说，就听他吹……                  ②得好处的还不是您驾们当东家的。

③Ade，我的蟋蟀们！Ade，我的覆盆子们和木莲们。  ④王从周来到的时候，香兰们已经吃过施舍的粥。

⑤各位叔叔哥哥们都吃了饭了。                       ⑥只见凤姐儿在门前站着，看着十来个小厮们搬花盆。

⑦清河县里有几个奸诈的浮浪子弟们，都来他家里  。⑧各位代表先生们，各位同志们……

⑨向所有……文艺家们表示崇高的敬意。              ⑩他笼络着一群他所认为可以做喽罗的大夫们。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

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